The most important event in European history

Yeah, I know that European history – unless depicted as oppressive domination of people who were just minding their own business (right?) – is old and busted. And the usual answers to this sort of question focus on exciting and violent events: wars, revolutions and the like. Events that lend themselves to narrative storytelling, with Read More …

The Future of Phage Therapy

Phage therapy has been wandering through the wilderness for many decades. It was intensively studied in the 1920’s but fell out of favor in the 1930’s due to inconsistent results and adverse effects. The introduction of sulfa drugs, and then penicillin, rendered it obsolete. But only for a while. Antibiotics were not the end of Read More …

Do Right to Try Laws allow reimbursement for experimental therapies?

The federal RTT legislation, which you can read here, makes no reference to payments of any kind, except to state that a referring physician can not be compensated directly by the drug manufacturer. Indirect is just fine. I wonder if drug companies could possibly figure out ways to pay doctors indirectly? [1] Payments are not forbidden, Read More …

The biological discovery that has benefitted mankind the most

It’s germ theory. Since the advent of agriculture and the rise of cites (and thus civilization), infectious diseases were far and away the leading cause of death and disability. A reasonable guess would be that 75% of all deaths were due to infection, and these deaths were concentrated among the very young. Infectious diseases today, Read More …

Why aren’t there large trees and large animals made of prokaryotic cells?

No one knows for sure why only eucarya form large multicellular organisms (bacteria can form small ones), but we can make a few observations that limit the scope of plausible answers: Large multicellular organisms are a fairly recent phenomenon.  The eucaryal lineage is thought to go back perhaps 2.7B years[1] , but the first large multicellular Read More …