How accurate is the DNA information from Ancestry and 23andMe?

Both are accurate and both are scams. Or at least, scam-ish. I can’t find any published verification of their specific accuracy rates, but error rates for modern sequencing and microarray methods are vanishingly low, well under 1 in a 1000. Assuming they are using technology from this decade, their error rates are trivial. But of Read More …

Could God have created a universe where life started with an ingenious system we call RNA and DNA which would evolve to thrive in many environments, and into a being of sufficient thinking capability, to supply a soul?

This question is another version of an old and dishonest ploy used by creationists to try to trap scientists into admitting that there is a God. But the creationists are not nearly as clever as they believe themselves to be. Here’s how it works: Admit a few facts that science has established beyond all reasonable Read More …

Isn’t the whole reason for cooking our meat to kill bacteria? Shouldn’t washing it before cooking eliminate bacteria?

Cooking is an old and universal practice. It certainly is much older than germ theory (which was developed in the 1870s), so for most of the history of cooking, the rationale could not have been to kill germs. Fresh meat, particularly wild game, will not have much of a bacterial load, and cooking it would Read More …

What is the best way to explain the RNA World hypothesis?

The RNA World hypothesis resolves the chicken-and-egg conundrum posed by the structure of growth shared by all living organisms. DNA encodes RNA, which directs the synthesis of proteins. Proteins do the biochemical work of capturing energy. This energy is directed into the synthesis of new copies of DNA, resulting in the growth of new cells Read More …

Which hypothesis has the most evidence for the origin of life: Metabolism or RNA self-replication?

The RNA World hypothesis clearly has the “most” evidence: molecular fossils in the form of nucleotide cofactors that catalyze many of the most ancient and basic biochemical reactions; the synthesis of DNA from RNA precursors; the RNA-based system of protein synthesis; the demonstrated capacity of RNA enzymes to catalyze key reactions. But “most” is not Read More …